Parse short options in order given

Fixes:
* Short options cannot be repeated in the same group:
  e.g., `-nn` fails, but `--null-input --null-input` works
* Short options are processed in an arbitrary fixed order, not the order
  given by the user: e.g., `-hV`, `-Vh`, `-h -V`, and `--help --version`
  are processed as `-h`, but `-V -h` and `--version --help` are
  processed as `-V`
* `-L` cannot be a part of a short option group (as the last one):
  e.g., `-nLlib` and `-nL lib` fail

tests/shtest

@@ -210,6 +210,28 @@ else
   cmp $d/out $d/expected
 fi
 
+# Regression tests for #3194
+echo 42 > $d/expected
+$JQ -nn 42 > $d/out 2>&1
+cmp $d/out $d/expected
+
+$JQ -nL. 42 > $d/out 2>&1
+cmp $d/out $d/expected
+$JQ -nL . 42 > $d/out 2>&1
+cmp $d/out $d/expected
+
+$JQ -h > $d/expected 2>&1
+$JQ -hV > $d/out 2>&1
+cmp $d/out $d/expected
+$JQ -h -V > $d/out 2>&1
+cmp $d/out $d/expected
+
+$JQ -V > $d/expected 2>&1
+$JQ -Vh > $d/out 2>&1
+cmp $d/out $d/expected
+$JQ -V -h > $d/out 2>&1
+cmp $d/out $d/expected
+
 ## Test streaming parser
 
 ## If we add an option to stream to the `import ... as $symbol;` directive