diff --git a/src/compile.c b/src/compile.c
index 80b723c1..b925020a 100644
--- a/src/compile.c
+++ b/src/compile.c
@@ -832,8 +832,7 @@ static block bind_alternation_matchers(block matchers, block body) {
 
 block gen_reduce(block source, block matcher, block init, block body) {
   block res_var = gen_op_var_fresh(STOREV, "reduce");
-  block loop = BLOCK(gen_op_simple(DUPN),
-                     source,
+  block loop = BLOCK(source,
                      bind_alternation_matchers(matcher,
                                   BLOCK(gen_op_bound(LOADVN, res_var),
                                         body,
@@ -842,8 +841,10 @@ block gen_reduce(block source, block matcher, block init, block body) {
   return BLOCK(gen_op_simple(DUP),
                init,
                res_var,
+               gen_op_simple(DUP),
                gen_op_target(FORK, loop),
                loop,
+               gen_op_simple(POP),
                gen_op_bound(LOADVN, res_var));
 }
 
diff --git a/src/execute.c b/src/execute.c
index 7cd41eda..02d6ae17 100644
--- a/src/execute.c
+++ b/src/execute.c
@@ -428,13 +428,6 @@ jv jq_next(jq_state *jq) {
       break;
     }
 
-    case DUPN: {
-      jv v = stack_popn(jq);
-      stack_push(jq, jv_copy(v));
-      stack_push(jq, v);
-      break;
-    }
-
     case DUP2: {
       jv keep = stack_pop(jq);
       jv v = stack_pop(jq);
diff --git a/src/opcode_list.h b/src/opcode_list.h
index 85a8a580..c9a81895 100644
--- a/src/opcode_list.h
+++ b/src/opcode_list.h
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 OP(LOADK, CONSTANT, 1, 1)
 OP(DUP,   NONE,     1, 2)
-OP(DUPN,  NONE,     1, 2)
 OP(DUP2,  NONE,     2, 3)
 OP(PUSHK_UNDER, CONSTANT, 1, 2)
 OP(POP,   NONE,     1, 0)
diff --git a/tests/jq.test b/tests/jq.test
index ff3c625b..39f8368a 100644
--- a/tests/jq.test
+++ b/tests/jq.test
@@ -2571,7 +2571,13 @@ try ["OK", setpath([[1]]; 1)] catch ["KO", .]
 []
 ["KO","Cannot update field at array index of array"]
 
-# regression test for #3227
+# regression test for #3227 (reduce)
+[] | reduce .[] as $x (0, 1; .)
+null
+0
+1
+
+# regression test for #3227 (foreach)
 foreach .[] as $x (0, 1; . + $x)
 [1, 2]
 1